Vehicle wash systems and methods

ABSTRACT

The invention is directed at systems and methods which provide for effective cleaning and drying of vehicles of different shapes and sizes. The invention in one example includes a vehicle washing apparatus comprising a conveyor system to move a vehicle along a path, and a bridge assembly supported above a vehicle and moveable along the length thereof. At least one trolley assembly is operatively supported by the bridge assembly and is moveable in a direction generally transverse to the movement of the bridge assembly. At least one cleaning arm assembly for delivering cleaning fluid to or for brushing the surface of a vehicle is operatively supported by the at least one trolley assembly or bridge. The cleaning arm assembly is moveable with the bridge assembly along the length of the vehicle, and transversely with the at least one trolley assembly to adjust the location of the cleaning arm relative to the vehicle, wherein the bridge assembly moves in association with movement of the vehicle to position the cleaning arm assembly adjacent at least a portion of the front, sides and rear of the vehicle as it moves along the path. A variable impact or patterning spray arm or drying system is also provided.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/049,519 filed on May 1, 2008, which is hereby incorporated byreference.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present invention is generally directed to automated vehicle washsystems and, more particularly, to a vehicle wash system having featuresenabling it to occupy a small footprint, if desired. The presentinvention relates, generally, to a vehicle wash apparatus and, morespecifically, to a vehicle wash apparatus having a pair of spray armsadapted to move about the surface of the vehicle at an optimum cleaningdistance over all the surfaces of the vehicle.

Motor vehicles are washed and cleaned in order to preserve and extendthe life of the vehicle finish and maintain its appearance. Automaticdrive-through wash facilities that provide this service are well knownfor the non-commercial vehicle owner. For example, traditional tunnel,conveyor-type wash facilities are common in this industry and typicallyemploy an array of equipment that sequentially treats the vehicle withvarious operations as it passes through the facility. While thesesystems have generally worked for their intended purpose, thetraditional tunnel systems occupy a considerable amount of space andoften require a considerable amount of maintenance to keep theassociated series of wash mechanisms operational. Further, thetraditional tunnel systems generally consume sizable amounts of waterand wash chemicals, and employ brushes and other friction-based systemsto clean the exterior surfaces of the vehicle.

In addition to the tunnel systems, small bay wash systems are alsoemployed. These systems provide space-savings over the tunnel conveyorsystems. Accordingly, they may be employed in a variety of locationswhere space is at a premium, such as a single garage size bay in a gasstation or at a convenience store. Additionally, the small bay washsystems generally provide directed nozzles or movable spray arms thatdeliver pressurized water and chemicals to the surface of the vehicle.Given these advantages, the use of small bay wash systems has beengrowing.

Wash systems are also employed in commercial environments for use withlarge numbers of vehicles for example. For example, commercial systemsmay have substantially more area in which to wash a vehicle compared toresidential or non-commercial systems and, accordingly, may employrelatively complicated cleaning mechanisms. In such commercial systems,the vehicle may be moved through or parked in a building, such as agarage-like enclosure, as various cleaning processes are performed. Thecleaning stations may take various forms including, for example, apre-soak station, a soap application station, side and overhead brushstations, a rinse station, a liquid polish application station, and adrying station. Although such systems provide good cleaning of vehicles,the complexity and costs associated with operating such systems can besignificant, and it would be desirable to have a system which is simplerand yet provides good cleaning characteristics in a more cost-effectivemanner.

In the touch-free wash systems, the systems may apply high pressureliquid streams to wash the vehicle as the vehicle sits at a stationarylocation. The liquid streams may be applied to the vehicle in severaldifferent manners, depending on design constraints. For example, theliquid streams may be applied concurrently over the length of thevehicle by a stationary assembly. Alternatively, the liquid streams maybe applied by an assembly that moves relative to the vehicle. Thesetypes of systems may be referred to as rollover type vehicle washsystems. Rollover wash systems are so named because they move a washmechanism back and forth about (i.e. roll over) a stationary vehicle.Rollover wash systems confine the wash event to one relatively smallarea, which allows the water and chemicals to be applied moreeffectively and efficiently. A gantry-type system is one example of arollover vehicle wash system. The gantry style rollover wash systemincludes a movable system in which the wash mechanisms are containedwithin a large rigid inverted “U”-shaped housing that surrounds thevehicle and rides back and forth in floor-mounted tracks. The width ofthe gantry system is generally not adjustable, and therefore limits thesize of the vehicle that can be effectively washed and puts widervehicles at risk for damage. Some gantry style systems are constructedhaving a wider structure to span wider vehicles, but with a widerstructure, smaller vehicles are not as effectively cleaned.Additionally, the front and rear ends of the vehicle are generallydifficult to clean and are not properly cleaned. In such systems, aseries of vehicle positioning sensors may be used to determine theposition of the vehicle to control operation of the spray mechanismsduring the cleaning operation.

Although touch-free overhead gantry systems are somewhat effective atremoving some dirt from a vehicle, the touch-free system does notgenerally provide desired cleaning characteristics, particularly at somelocations on the vehicle. Accordingly, improvements in the design andefficiency of such washing systems are needed.

In addition to the moveable gantry style devices, it is also known toprovide wash systems that employ a fixed or rigid frame. A rigid framewash system has a wide stationary frame that spans the wash area andprovides an overhead bridge assembly that moves along the frame over thevehicle. One or more spray arms may then be used to direct high pressurecleaning fluid toward the vehicle. The spray arm is moved in acontrolled manner to clean a parked vehicle. The controlled movement ofthe spray arm requires a complex and expensive mechanical system, and isprone to breakdowns requiring regular repair and maintenance.

Thus, there remains a need for an improved vehicle wash system thatprovided effective cleaning of all vehicle surfaces in a cost-effectivesystem.

SUMMARY

The invention is therefore directed at systems and methods which providefor effective cleaning of vehicles of different shapes and sizes in acost-efficient system and methods which enhance cleaning processes. Theinvention in one example includes a vehicle washing apparatus comprisinga conveyor system to move a vehicle along a path, and a bridge assemblysupported above a vehicle and moveable rectilinearly along the lengththereof. At least one trolley assembly is operatively supported by thebridge assembly and moveable in a direction generally transverse to therectilinear movement of the bridge assembly. At least one cleaning armassembly for delivering fluid to or for brushing the surface of avehicle is operatively supported by the at least one trolley assembly.The at least one cleaning arm assembly including a upright portion withat least one spray nozzle or brush provided thereon, and the at leastone cleaning arm assembly operatively supported for at least rotationalmovement relative to the at least one trolley assembly about an axis.The at least one cleaning arm assembly is moveable rectilinearly withthe bridge assembly along the length of the vehicle, transversely withthe at least one trolley assembly to adjust the location of saidcleaning arm relative to the vehicle, and rotationally about the axis toallow the at least one cleaning arm assembly to circumscribe at least aportion of the vehicle. The bridge assembly moves in association withmovement of the vehicle to position the at least one cleaning armassembly adjacent at least a portion of the front, sides and rear of thevehicle as it moves along the path.

In another example, a vehicle wash system includes a bridge assemblyadapted to be supported above a vehicle, and which may be moveablerectilinearly along the length thereof, and/or wherein the vehicle ismoved rectilinearly through the bridge assembly. This wash apparatusfurther includes a pair of opposed trolley assemblies operativelysupported by the bridge assembly and moveable toward and away from oneanother in a direction generally transverse to the rectilinear movementof the bridge assembly and/or vehicle. At least a pair of spray manifoldassemblies are provided for delivering fluids to the vehicle with eachmanifold assembly operatively supported by a corresponding one of theopposed trolley assemblies. Each spray manifold assembly includes agenerally vertical manifold portion operatively supported for rotationalmovement by a corresponding one of the pair of trolley assemblies abouta generally vertical axis. Each of the pair of spray manifold assembliesare moveable rectilinearly with the bridge assembly along the length ofthe vehicle, and transversely with the respective one of the pair oftrolley assemblies to adjust the location of the vertical manifoldportion relative to the vehicle, and pivotally about the axis defined bythe vertical manifold portion to allow the pair of spray manifoldassemblies to move toward and away from one another and to circumscribethe vehicle.

In another example of the vehicle wash apparatus of the presentinvention, the bridge assembly includes a pair of trolley railsextending generally transverse to the direction of rectilinear movementof the bridge assembly. A pair of opposed trolley assemblies areoperatively mounted to the pair of trolley rails and are independentlymoveable toward and away from one another in a direction generallytransverse to the rectilinear movement of the bridge assembly. A pair ofspray manifold assemblies are provided for delivering fluid to thevehicle with each manifold assembly having a generally vertical manifoldportion operatively supported for rotational movement about an axisdefined by the vertical manifold portion. Each of the pair of spraymanifold assemblies are also rectilinearly moveable with the bridgeassembly along the length of the vehicle, transversely and independentlymovable with the respective one of the pair of trolley assemblies towardand away from one another to adjust the location of the verticalmanifold portions relative to the vehicle, and pivotally movable aboutthe axis defined by the vertical manifold portion to circumscribe aportion of the vehicle.

In another example of the vehicle wash apparatus of the presentinvention, the pair of spray manifold assemblies includes a horizontalmanifold portion, a vertical manifold portion operatively supported forrotational movement by the bridge assembly about an axis defined by thevertical manifold portion, and an intermediate spray manifold portiondisposed at a predetermined angle relative to and extending between thehorizontal and vertical manifold portions. Each of the pair of spraymanifold assemblies are rectilinearly moveable with the bridge assemblyalong the length of the vehicle, transversely moveable to adjust thelocation of the pair of spray manifold assemblies relative to thevehicle, and pivotally movable about the axis defined by the verticalmanifold portion to circumscribe the vehicle.

In an example of a method according to the invention, there is set fortha method of operating a vehicle washing apparatus comprising moving avehicle along a path, and providing a washing apparatus along the path.The washing apparatus comprises a bridge assembly supported above avehicle and moveable rectilinearly along the length thereof, a pair ofopposed trolley assemblies operatively supported by the bridge assemblyand moveable toward and away from one another in a direction generallytransverse to the rectilinear movement of the bridge assembly, and apair of spray arm assemblies for delivering fluid to the vehicle. Eachone of the pair of spray arm assemblies is operatively supported by acorresponding one of the opposed trolley assemblies, and moveable tocircumscribe the vehicle. The bridge assembly is moved in associationwith movement of the vehicle to position the spray arm assembliesadjacent the front, sides and rear of the vehicle as it moves along thepath.

The invention also relates to a spray system comprising at least onespray bar having at least one spray nozzle thereon. The spray system isselectively variable to adjust the spray characteristics of the at leastone spray nozzle in a manner selected from the group consisting ofvarying the impact or force of cleaning fluids impacting on a surface,the spray geometry from the at least one spray nozzle or combinationsthereof.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a spray system comprisingat least one spray bar having at least one oscillating spray nozzlethereon. The spray system includes a frame on which the at least onespray nozzle is pivotably mounted and controlled to oscillate over apredetermined angle. A fluid manifold is provided for supplying fluid tothe at least one nozzle, wherein the nozzle is coupled to the fluidmanifold by a hose member through inlet and outlet fittings. The hosemember has a minimum bend radius and is formed into a predetermined loopbetween the inlet and outlet fittings, such that upon oscillation of theat least one spray nozzle over the predetermined angle, the hose memberflexes between the fittings without exceeding the minimum bend radius atany point during the oscillating motion of the at least one nozzle.

Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the invention willbe, or will become, apparent to one with skill in the art uponexamination of the following figures and description. It is intendedthat all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages beincluded within this description, be within the scope of the invention,and be protected by the following claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of embodiments of an automatic wash system and methods will bedescribed with reference to the following figures:

FIG. 1 is a top schematic view of a wash system and bridge and trolleyassembly of an example according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an end view of the wash system according to an example asshown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial end view of the wash system showing a spray arm inan inboard position;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the wash system showing the trolley assembliesat an outboard position;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the wash system showing the trolley assembliesat an inboard position;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart describing operation of the system in an example;

FIG. 7 is a partial schematic top view showing an initial stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 8 is a partial schematic top view showing an intermediate stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 9 is a partial schematic top view showing an intermediate stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 10 is a partial schematic top view showing an intermediate stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 11 is a partial schematic top view showing an intermediate stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 12 is a partial schematic top view showing an intermediate stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 13 is a partial schematic top view showing an intermediate stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 14 is a partial schematic top view showing an intermediate stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 15 is a partial schematic top view showing a final stage ofoperation of the wash system according to an example;

FIG. 16 is a schematic end view of a spray system to provide variableimpact and/or geometry washing characteristics;

FIG. 17 is a further schematic end view of a spray system as shown inFIG. 16 for use with different sized vehicles;

FIGS. 18 a and 18 b show a type of nozzle usable in a system such asshown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a diagrammatical front view of a spray system usable in awash system according to the present disclosure; and

FIG. 20 is a diagrammatical side view of the spray system shown in FIG.19.

FIG. 21 is a partial front view of a breakaway system associated with aspray arm according to an example.

FIG. 22 is a partial side view of the breakaway system shown in FIG. 21.

FIGS. 23 and 24 show partial front views of the breakaway system showingan actuated lower assembly and unactuated assemblies.

FIG. 25 shows a schematic example of brush assemblies for use in thesystem.

FIG. 26 shows another schematic example of brush assemblies for use inthe system.

FIG. 27 shows another schematic example of brush assemblies for use inthe system.

FIG. 28 shows an example of a drying system according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Turning to FIGS. 1 and 2, a vehicle wash apparatus according to a firstexample of the present invention is generally indicated at 10. Thevehicle wash apparatus 10 is of a type that can be used in associationwith a vehicle conveyor, wherein the vehicle is moved along a path at apredetermined speed and for a predetermined distance. Alternatively, theapparatus 10 may be configured to be a rollover type system having abridge assembly adapted to be supported above a vehicle and moveablerectilinearly along the length thereof. In either configuration, thevehicle wash apparatus 10 includes an overhead bridge assembly generallyindicated at 12. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pair of spacedlongitudinal bridge rails 14 and 16 are provided that support the bridgeassembly 12. The bridge rails 14 and 16 are of a predetermined length Ato allow the bridge assembly 12 to travel a predetermined distanceduring a cleaning operation as will be described in more detailhereafter.

The bridge rails 14 and 16 may be supported on a rigid frame assembly(not shown), suspended from a ceiling or other structure (not shown), orin any other suitable manner. The supporting structure for the bridgeassembly 12 may take on a variety of forms. For example, the structureto support the bridge assembly 12 may be an enclosed housing, or simplya number of rigid members that form a structural framework. The bridgerails 14 and 16 are generally parallel to one another and may be spacedapart at a predetermined distance B from each other, to accommodatetherebetween the width sizes of vehicles to be washed by the system 10.In the example shown, the vehicle may move through wash system 10 in thedirection indicated at C.

It should be recognized that dependent on the types of vehicles to bewashed, the dimensions of the bridge rails 14 and 16, and bridgeassembly can be modified accordingly. The bridge assembly 12 may besupported on the bridge rails 14 and 16 by flanged wheels 18 and 20, orother suitable members to allow movement of the bridge assembly 12relative to the bridge rails 14 and 16 while supported thereon. Thebridge assembly 12 may have a drive system associated with therewith,generally indicated at 21, which may simply be a motor 22 adapted torotatably drive a drive member 24 which is coupled to at least one ofthe wheels 18 and 20, to selectively cause driving rotation of thewheels 18 in the example shown. The bridge rails 14 and 16 may simply bebeams on which flanged polymeric wheels 18 and 20 are supported, withwheels 18 provided with a friction surface to allow the wheels 18 todrive the bridge assembly 12 when rotated upon actuation of motor 22 androtation of shaft 24. The bridge drive assembly 21 is adapted tooperatively and selectively move the bridge assembly 12 bi-directionallyalong the bridge rails 14 and 16.

The bridge assembly 12 also may include at least one, and in thisexample, first and second trolley assemblies 26 and 28 supported inassociation with a pair of trolley rails 30 and 32. The bridge assembly12 may be formed as a framework of members including the trolley rails30 and 32 for example, or any other suitable structure. For the purposesof discussion herein, the bridge assembly 12 provides a system tomovably support the elements of the present invention, and for purposesof illustration the bridge assembly 12, as depicted in the figures, hasthe form of bridge end members 34 and 36, with trolley rails 30 and 32extending therebetween. The trolley rails 30 and 32 are spaced from oneanother and extend laterally across the bridge assembly 12. The trolleyrails 30 and 32 are operatively supported within the bridge assembly 12,and may be mounted to the bridge end members 34 and 36. The pair ofopposed trolley assemblies 26 and 28 are operatively supported by thetrolley rails 30 and 32, and bridge assembly 12, and are moveable towardand away from one another in a direction generally transverse to therectilinear movement of the bridge assembly 12. More specifically, thepair of opposed trolley assemblies 26, 28 are movably supported on andoperatively moved along the trolley rails 30 and 32, such as by pairs ofspaced apart flanged wheels 38 and 40. A trolley drive system generallyindicated at 42 may be used to selectively drive the trolleys 26 and 28on trolley rails 30 and 32. The trolley drive system 42 may comprise amotor 44 adapted to drive an axle 46 associated with a pair of thewheels 38 or 40 for example. In the example shown, a trolley driveassembly 42 is adapted to operatively and independently move the trolleyassemblies 26 and 28 bi-directionally along the trolley rails 30 and 32.Other suitable drive systems are contemplated, and a drive system thatallows the trolleys 26 and 28 to be moved together (like a curtain)could be used.

As illustrated in the figures, by way of non-limiting example, toprovide movable support of the trolley assemblies 26 and 28 on trolleyrails 30 and 32, the flanged wheels 40 are selectively driven to movethe trolley assemblies 26 and 28 toward and away from one another on thetrolley rails 30 and 32. As best seen in FIG. 2, the trolley assemblies26 and 28 each may include a housing type arrangement carrying the pairsof wheels 38 and 40, and is secured to the trolley rails 30 and 32 byany suitable structure to positively secure the trolley assemblies 26and 28 to rails 30 and 32, while allowing movement of the trolleyassemblies 26 and 28. The trolley assemblies 26 and 28 may also includesuitable systems to detect or provide the exact position of the trolleys26 and 28 along the trolley rails 30 and 32.

The trolley assemblies 26 and 28 may further include at least one sprayor cleaning arm 50 having a plurality of spray heads or nozzles 52.Alternatively, or in addition, the trolley assemblies 26 and 28 spraybars 50 could be replaced with conventional spinning brushes adapted tocontact the vehicle surfaces as the bridge 12 moves adjacent a vehicle.As will be described hereafter, the tracking of a vehicle during acleaning process as provided by the present invention greatly enhancesthe performance of spray cleaning systems and/or brushes, and both orone or the other may be used if desired. Although referred to as sprayarms, it should be understood that the arms 50 may have cleaning brushesassociated therewith if desired. It should also be recognized thatalthough the example shows two trolleys, each having at least one sprayor cleaning arm, only one trolley and cleaning arm could be used andmoved across the entire width of the bridge 12. As shown in FIG. 2, thespray arms 50 in the example shown are designed to deliver cleaningfluids to the vehicle 60. Each one of the pair of spray arms 50 areoperatively supported by a corresponding one of the opposed trolleyassemblies 26 and 28. More specifically, the spray arms 50 include aseries of spray nozzles 52 that are pivotably supported on the sprayarms 50, to allow oscillation thereof over a predetermined angle. Thespray arms 50 may comprise a framework which pivotally supports each ofthe nozzles 52 at a desired location. The spray nozzles 52 areselectively pivoted by a drive system which may include a motor 54attached to a linkage system comprising linkage arms 56 extending fromthe motor 54 and the individual spray nozzles 52 to adjacent spraynozzles 52. Upon actuation of the motor 54, the linkage arm 56 attachedthereto causes pivotal motion of the first spray nozzle 52, withadditional linkage arms 56 attached to respective nozzles 52 to in turncause pivotal motion of each nozzle 52 in an oscillatory motion.Alternatively to the use of oscillating spray nozzles, the nozzles couldbe made to move linearly along a slide or the like, or may just befixed, and may be provided with a wider spray pattern or adjustablespray pattern if desired. As shown in this example, the spray arms 50may be configured to dispose the individual nozzles 52 at desireddistances from the vehicle 60, such that each of the nozzles 52 isdisposed adjacent a portion of the vehicle 60 to provide effectivedispensing of cleaning fluids to adjacent surfaces of the vehicle 60.The upper nozzles 52 may be situated inwardly of lower nozzles toaccommodate the shape of vehicle 60 which may have a profile whichtapers toward the top of vehicle 60. The number and configuration ofspray nozzles 52 allow for complete coverage of the entire surfaces ofthe vehicle 60. Other suitable spray arm 50 configurations and nozzles52 configurations are contemplated to provide desired spray action ofcleaning fluids on all surfaces of the vehicle 60. The spray arms 50 maybe configured as the supply manifold for supplying cleaning fluids toeach of the nozzles 52. The frames of the spray arms 50 may provide anattachment point for the delivery of the fluid wash solutions to thespray nozzles 52 for washing a vehicle 60 positioned within the system10. In an example, a fluid supply system (not shown) may be coupled tothe spray arms 50 through a supply system that is mounted on the framestructure associated with the trolley assemblies 26 and 28 and trolleyrails 30 and 32, with the system allowing the fluid supply to extendfrom the location of the bridge rails 14 and 16 to a central area of thetrolley rails 30 and 32 to accommodate the movement of the trolleyassemblies 26 and 28 from outboard to inboard positions. Alternatively,the cleaning fluids may be supplied by other suitable fluid connections,such as by flexible hose assemblies, to the spray nozzles 52. Thecleaning fluids are supplied by a high pressure pump system (not shown)to deliver a source of pressurized wash fluids to the nozzles 52.

More specifically in the example shown in the figures, the trolleyassemblies 26 and 28 each carry a spray arm 50 so the spray arms 50 aremovable opposite to each other across the trolley rails 30 and 32, allowrelative movement of the spray arms 52 toward and away from one anotherbetween fully outboard and fully inboard positions. As seen in FIG. 4,the trolley assemblies 26 and 28 are shown in a fully outboard position,while in FIG. 5, the trolley assemblies are shown in fully inboardpositions. The spray arms 50 are also connected to the trolleyassemblies 26 and 28 to allow rotational movement of the spray arms 50relative to the respective trolley assembly. The rotational movement ofthe spray arms 50 may be provided by a drive system including a driveshaft 64 operated by a suitable actuator (not shown), such as an aircylinder, motor or other suitable actuator for example. In operation,the spray arms may be selectively rotated a desired amount to positionthe spray nozzles 52 to dispense cleaning fluids onto the surfaces ofthe vehicle 60 depending on the location of the spray arm 50 relativethereto, as will be described further hereafter. Further, the positionof the spray arms 50 relative to a vehicle 60 may be varied by causingmovement of the spray arm toward or away from the vehicle, such as bypivoting of the spray arm 50 about an upper joint 51. Alternatively, thespray arms may be provided with at least one sensor or the position ofthe spray arm controlled based upon the detected width of a vehicle 60to position the spray arm 50 at a desired spaced position from surfacesof the vehicle 60. As seen in FIG. 2, the spray arms 50 are positionedto direct cleaning fluids inwardly toward the vehicle 60 when thetrolley assemblies 26 and 28 are in the outboard position as seen inthis figure. As seen in FIG. 5, when the trolley assemblies 26 and 28are at their inboard positions, the spray arm 50 can be rotated todirect spray nozzles 52 toward the front of a vehicle positioned in thesystem 10, and also may be rotated in an opposing manner to direct spraynozzles 52 toward the back of the vehicle, as the vehicle 60 movesthrough the system 10, or relative to a stationary vehicle positioned inthe system 10.

In operation, the trolley assemblies 26 and 28 are selectively driventogether or separately on the trolley rails 30 and 32, and the positionof the spray arms 50 operated such that the spray arms 50 are rotatedbetween facing toward the front of the vehicle 60, toward the side ofthe vehicle 60 and then toward the rear of the vehicle 60. If desired,each trolley assembly 26 and 28 may include a trolley stop (not shown)to prevent movement of the trolley assemblies past predeterminedpositions on the rails 30 and 32.

The system 10 may also include a top wash system generally indicated at65 in FIGS. 1 and 2, the operation of which will be described in moredetail hereafter. The top wash system 65 may be supported in associationwith the bridge assembly 12 and is designed to wash the top of thevehicle 60. The top wash system 65 may include at least one spray arm 66that includes at least one or a series of spray nozzles 67 that arepivotably supported on the spray arm 66 to allow oscillation thereofover a predetermined angle. The spray nozzles 67 are selectively pivotedby a drive system which may include a motor 68 attached to a linkagesystem comprising linkage arms 69 extending from the motor 68 and theindividual spray nozzles 67 to adjacent spray nozzles 67. Upon actuationof the motor 68, the linkage arm 69 attached thereto causes pivotalmotion of the first spray nozzle 67, with additional linkage arms 69attached to respective nozzles 67 to in turn cause pivotal, oscillatorymotion of each nozzle 67. Alternatively to the use of oscillating spraynozzles, the nozzles could be made to move linearly along a slide or thelike, or may just be fixed, and may be provided with a wider spraypattern or adjustable spray pattern if desired. As shown in thisexample, the spray arm 66 may be configured to dispose the individualnozzles 67 at a desired distance from the vehicle 60, such as each ofthe nozzles 67 being disposed adjacent a portion of the top of vehicle60 to provide effective dispensing of cleaning fluids to adjacent topsurfaces of the vehicle 60. If desired, certain spray nozzles 67 may besituated downwardly of other nozzles to accommodate the shape of vehicle60 which may have a top profile which tapers downwardly at the sides forexample. The number and configuration of spray nozzles 67 allow forcomplete coverage of the entire top surfaces of the vehicle 60. Othersuitable spray arm 66 configurations and nozzle 67 configurations arecontemplated to provide desired spray action of cleaning fluids on alltop surfaces of the vehicle 60. The spray arm 66 may be configured asthe supply conduit for supplying cleaning fluids to each of the nozzles67 similar to spray arms 50 described previously. The top wash system 65may be positioned at a predetermined height relative to the bridgeassembly 12 to accommodate all expected vehicle heights, and may bestationary, or if desired, can be movable to vary its position andrelative height to a particular vehicle 60 in the system 10.

The system 10 may further include a sensor system generally indicated at70, including a plurality of sensors (only some sensors shown in theFIGS.) to allow for desired operation and adjustments of the system foreffective cleaning of a vehicle 60. The sensor system 70 may include aplurality of sensors, such as optical sensors, ultrasonic sensors,proximity sensors, and/or other suitable types of sensors, that may bepositioned along the length of the system 10, and at different heightsrelative to the vehicle 60. For example, a first sensor 72 may bepositioned to sense the movement of a vehicle 60 into the system 10, andto initiate operation of a control system 80 which controls variousfunctions in a cleaning operation. The control system 80 may be anysuitable control system, such as a processor based system which controlsvarious systems via suitable control interfaces associated withdifferent systems. A second sensor 74 may be provided to monitormovement of the vehicle through the system 10, and to control systemsbased on the speed of the vehicle as it moves through system 10, and/orsuch that if the vehicle stops for any reason, the operation of varioussystems is suspended for example. The movement of the vehicle may alsobe set by means of the speed of a conveyor system used to move thevehicle through system 10, with the speed of the conveyor system knownand used to operate systems in the desired manner. The sensor system 70may also include one or more sensors 76 to sense the height of a vehicle60 entering the wash system 10 for example.

In addition to controlling various components during normal wash cycleoperations, the sensor system 70 supplies signals to a controller 80,which may also respond to environmental conditions to warn of an alarmevent and/or inhibit operation of the system 10 under certainoperational or environmental conditions. For example, system 10 may beprovided with one or more sensors that provide signals indicative ofcertain operational parameters such as movement of the conveyor, whetheran access door is in an open or closed state, or other parameters. Ifthe desire operational parameters are not correct, the controller 80 mayinhibit operation of the system 10. The wash system 10 also may includeone or more temperature sensors. The temperature sensors provide signalsindicative of the temperature of the ambient environment in which eachsensor is located to the controller 80. In an example, one or moretemperature sensors may be associated with the plumbing manifold system(not shown) to monitor the temperature of one or more fluids in theplumbing manifold system. When the temperature of a fluid in theplumbing manifold falls below a threshold value, the controller 80 mayprovide an alarm to the system user thereby warning the user that it maybe too cold to execute a wash cycle, or prevent execution of a washcycle when the temperature of a fluid is below the threshold value.Additionally, another temperature sensor may be disposed to monitor theambient temperature of the wash system environment, wherein if theambient environment falls below a threshold value, the controller 80 mayprovide an alarm to the system user thereby warning the user that it maybe too cold to execute a wash cycle, or may prevent execution of a washcycle when the temperature of the ambient environment is below thethreshold value. Temperature sensing may also allow for execution ofprotective measures, such as for example, purging one or more lines ofthe plumbing system before they freeze and cause damage to the system10.

The control system 80 may further include a maintenance program that maybe used to provide access to network/modem settings, system diagnostics,and to enable (activate) or disable (deactivate) options. A networkand/or modem connection settings menu may allow the user to modifysettings used to connect the wash control system 80 to a computernetwork. These connections also may be used to update software, remotelymonitor the wash operation, review data logs and statistics, activateoptions, and/or troubleshoot. A system diagnostics routine may includeoptions that allow the user to manually access select wash outputs toverify the functionality of components outside of normal wash processes.A chemicals control may be accessed to allow the user to controltitration of chemicals for altering wash performance by controllingspray functions of the wash system outside of normal wash process. Ageneral options menu may be used to allow the user to enable (activate)and/or disable (deactivate) wash options. This may includeactivating/deactivating existing wash options or activating added washoptions, such as spot free water application, an underbridge sprayadd-on, a dryer add-on, a spot-free rinse add-on, and the like. A systemsetup menu may be used to provide access to system operation parametersthat alter various wash performance and functional characteristics ofthe wash system. For example, options may allow the user to set thesystem clock, wash timers for various wash functions, including conveyorspeed, bridge distance movement, soap timer, rinse timer, and bridgespeed as examples. These options may be customized for each of severalmultiple programmed wash packages for example.

Thus, each of the pair of spray arm assemblies 50 move in a number ofways about the vehicle, along with the respective trolley assembly 26and 28 and bridge assembly 12. With reference to FIG. 6 and FIGS. 7-15,the operation of the system in an example using a vehicle conveyor tomove the vehicle 60 through system 10 at a constant speed will bedescribed. In such types of wash systems, there may be used a tunnelcontrol system used to operate the conveyor and other systems, such as adrying system or other equipment, and the wash system 10 may beintegrated into the overall system. First, the system through one ormore sensors, may sense the vehicle conveyor running, along withconveyor speed and vehicle length at 100, which is used to calculatespeeds of operation of system 10. If the conveyor is stopped, thecontrol system 80 may be used to inhibit motion of the bridge assembly12. At 102, the height and width of the vehicle 60 is sensed, and usedto operate the top wash system 65 and/or the operation of the top spraynozzle 52 associated with the spray arms 50, along with positioning ofthe spray arms 50 relative to the vehicle as will be described furtherhereafter. For example, if the vehicle height is below a predeterminedheight, the top wash system 65 may be turned off, as it may not beneeded for effective cleaning of the hood and roof of the vehicle 60.Further, depending on the height of the vehicle 60, the top spray nozzle52 may not be needed, and may be selectively not activated to conservewashing fluid and power.

At step 104 of FIG. 6, the control system 80 may initially dispose thebridge 12 at a “home” position, such as at approximately the middle ofthe bridge rails 14 and 16, which is the center of the longitudinaltravel of the bridge 12. At the home position, the trolleys 26 and 28may further be positioned at the outboard position, and the spray arms50 directed inwardly or at a 90 degree position relative to the washentrance. Other home positions may be adopted as may be desired, buteffectively, the home position is the ready position of the system 10 toinitiate washing of a vehicle as it is moved on a conveyor system towardand through the wash system 10. Upon a vehicle approaching the washsystem 10 at 106, the trolleys 26 and 28 are moved to the position shownin FIG. 7, such as by a sensor which detects the approaching vehicle andactivates the machine 10 to begin washing the vehicle. In an example,the tunnel controller may be used to issue an “Extend & Activate” Input,causing the system to extend and activate the trolleys 26 and 28 to moveto their inboard positions along with spray arms 50. This input alsocauses the spray arms 50 to extend to their inboard limits and as theyleave their outboard limits, and rotates them to the 0 degree positionor to spray toward wash entrance and oncoming vehicle 60. Just prior tothe vehicle reaching the machine, the tunnel controller or machinecontroller 80 will activate the high pressure water pump at 108, and atthe same time produce a machine controller 80 “Oscillate” input, whichwill start the nozzle oscillator motors and cause oscillation of thespray nozzles 52. Depending on the height of the vehicle as sensed, thetop spray nozzle 52 and/or top spray arm 65 may or many not beactivated.

For washing the front of the vehicle 60, the system initiates movementof the bridge 12 toward the wash exit at 110 and as shown in FIG. 8, ata predetermined speed relative to the movement of the vehicle 60. In oneexample, a first Bridge Photo-eye sensor 72 of the sensor system 70 mayfunction as an initial start signal to get the bridge 12 moving. At 112,a second Bridge Photo-eye 74 may then be used as a primary control inputfor controlling motion of the bridge 12 relative to the vehicle 60.Breaking the second photo-eye 74 beam may cause, through machinecontroller 80, the bridge 12 to accelerate toward the wash exit awayfrom the oncoming vehicle 60, while making the beam allows the bridge 12to decelerate to a stop. In this manner, as the vehicle 60 approachesthe bridge 12 and breaks the beam of the first bridge photo-eye 72, thebridge 12 begins to accelerate toward the exit. The initiatedacceleration and movement of the bridge 12 is set so it acceleratesfaster than the movement of the vehicle until the beam is remade andthen stops accelerating, letting the vehicle 60 catch up, such that thevehicle 60 repeatedly breaks the beam after which the beam is made,causing movement of the bridge assembly in a pulsing motion forwardahead of and relative to the moving vehicle toward the wash exit. Thebridge 12 is thus moved slightly faster that the conveyor moving thevehicle 60, and it therefore pulses forward slightly ahead of thevehicle 60, and then decelerates, waiting for the vehicle 60 to breakthe beam of second photo-eye 74 again. Correct setting of bridge 12speed and the acceleration and deceleration ramp settings may be set tominimize this pulsing motion. For example, it is estimated that thereshould be approximately a 0.8 second acceleration ramp and a 1.5-2.0second deceleration ramp for example. Maximum bridge 12 velocity shouldbe approximately 25-40% higher that maximum conveyor speed. In thismanner, the bridge 12 is moved slightly ahead of the vehicle 60 as thevehicle moves through system 10 at 112.

The same commands that cause the bridge 12 to move forward of thevehicle 60 may also cause the trolleys 26 and 28 and associated sprayarms 50 to retract and move outboard at 114 and as shown in FIG. 8. Boththe bridge and trolleys/spray arms move at speeds that are calculatedusing formulas that consider conveyor speed, vehicle length and bridgetravel available (length of the bridge rails 14 and 16). Thesimultaneous forward motion of the bridge 12 and outboard motion of thetrolleys 26 and 28 and associated spray arms 50 results in the sprayarms 50 moving at a angle, such as a 30-45 degree angle, away from thevehicle 60. For example, a bridge with 5.5 ft. of travel has a 30-degreemotion of the spray arms 50 while a bridge 12 with 8 ft of travel willhave a 45-degree motion. The result is that the spray arms 50 moveforward at substantially the same speed as the vehicle 60, and staysubstantially a predetermined distance, such as 18″ away from thevehicle 60, as they move outboard across the front of the vehicle 60 towash the front of vehicle 60.

With the sensed width value of a vehicle 60, when the vehicle 60initially breaks the first bridge photo-eye 72 and the bridge 12 ismoved forward (toward the wash exit) of the home position flag, thevalue of the width measurement may be captured and stored. For example,an ultrasonic sensor 76 may provide an analog value of the widthmeasurement which is captured and stored. This sensor 76 may be locatedapproximately 6-7 ft toward the wash entrance from the bridge homeposition and points directly at the side of the vehicle 60. Measuringfrom the passenger side of vehicle 60 may be performed and/or measuringfrom the driver side if desired.

Thereafter, the system may be operated to transition to wash the sidesof vehicle 60. The continuing movement of the bridge 12 toward the washexit with the vehicle 60 while the spray arms 50 are moving outboard,provides the washing the front of the vehicle 60 as described. Afterwashing of the front of the vehicle, the spray arms 50 will be fullyretracted at or near the same time that the bridge stops at the exitlimit at 116 and as shown in FIG. 9, corresponding to the length oftravel on bridge rails 14 and 16. As soon as the spray arms 50 reachtheir outboard limits, they are caused to both turn to their 90-degreepositions at 118 to be directed to spray directly at the sides of thevehicle 60. The passenger side spray arm 50 (and/or the driver side arm50) may also be immediately moved toward the vehicle to adjust to be adesired distance, such as 18 inches, away from the side surfaces of thevehicle 60. Based upon the tunnel configuration, the driver side of thevehicle 60 may be in a known position such that only the passenger sidespray arm 50 needs to be adjusted to be positioned at a desired locationrelative to the side of the vehicle 60 based on the measured width. Itshould be recognized that as the spray arms are positioned at apredetermined distance, such as 18 inches, in front of the vehicle 60while washing the front of the vehicle 60, there will be some time, forexample a couple of seconds, before starting spraying the side of thevehicle. This gives some time to rotate the spray bars 50 and extend oneor both toward the vehicle 60. The function of extending the spray armor arms 50 toward (or away) from the vehicle 60 may use the widthmeasurement, wherein the “extend” time for the passenger spray arm iscalculated from the analog value of the ultrasonic width sensor 76. Forexample: If a small car has an analog signal of 20 mA, then the machinecontrol system 80 extends the spray arm toward the car for 2 seconds. Ifa wider car has an analog signal of 10 mA, then extend the spray armtoward the car for 1 second. Vice-versa, if the analog signal value hasan inverse rather than a direct relationship to distance. This method ofadjusting to the width of the car is achieved with the least amount ofprogramming and sensors. Alternately the spray bar 50 can stopretracting at the correct width (ie, 18″ from vehicle) rather thantraveling to it's width limit, and then inboard to the correct width.The washing of the sides of vehicle 60 may then proceed as follows. Bythe time that the spray arms 50 have rotated and moved inboard to thedesired position, the front of the vehicle 60 will have broken the beamof a third bridge photo-eye 78, which may be referred to as a bridgeexit side photo-eye sensor.

The bridge 12 is then made to move in a rearward motion toward the washentrance to perform washing the sides of the vehicle 60 at 120 and asshown in FIGS. 10 and 11. The speed that it is moving is calculated suchthat the bridge 12 will reach its entrance limit at the extent of bridgerails 14 and 16 at approximately the same time the rear of the vehicle60 reaches the same point at 122 and as shown in FIG. 12. Once thebridge 12 begins its rearward motion, it may be “latched” on until itreaches the entrance limit. Only the stopping of the conveyor willinhibit the motion. As mentioned previously, and as shown in the exampleof the FIGS., there may be four spray nozzles 52 per spray arm 50. Asthe sides of the vehicle are being washed the top nozzles may be turnedon or off as needed for taller or shorter vehicles 60.

Thereafter the system may transition to wash the rear of the vehicle 60.The bridge has reached the entrance limit, and as the rear of thevehicle pulls away, the bridge 12 and corresponding spray arms 50 aremoved toward the machine exit at 124 and as shown in FIG. 13. In anexample, to perform this function, the third bridge photo-eye 78 (atexit side of bridge 12) becomes un-blocked. The bridge 12 responds bymoving forward until the eye 78 is again blocked. In this way the bridge“pulses” and follows the rear of the vehicle 60. The same commands thatcause the bridge to move forward also cause the trolleys 26 and 28 andassociated spray arms 50 to move inboard at 126 and as shown in FIG. 14.When the spray arms move off of their outboard limits (or virtualoutboard limits) they are rotated to the 180-degree position pointingtoward the wash exit and rear of vehicle 60. The “virtual limit” for aspray arm 50 may be the position that the spray arm is moved when it isadjusted to the width of the vehicle 60. In this manner, washing therear of the vehicle 60 is performed as the bridge 12 moves forward andfollows the vehicle 60 while the spray arms are moved inboard. As in thefront washing scenario, both the bridge 12 and spray arms 50 are made tomove at speeds that are calculated using formulas that consider conveyorspeed, vehicle length and bridge travel available (the length of thebridge rails 14 and 16).

Once the rear of the vehicle 60 is washed in this manner, the bridge maybe reset at the home position at 128. By the time that the bridge 12reaches the center of its rails and trips a “home limit” switch, thespray arms 50 should be fully inboard. The bridge 12 is made to stopmoving and the spray arms are rotated back to the 0-degree position(toward wash entrance) as shown in FIG. 15. At this point the machine isready to wash the front of the following vehicle 60 and begin theprocess over again. It should be noted that when the spray arms 50rotate from spraying the rear of one vehicle 60 to immediately spray thefront of the next vehicle 60, the spray arms 50 are right next to eachother, and it may be desirable to avoid spraying each other withconsiderable force. If desired, the machine controller 80 can produce anoutput, which will momentarily open a “dump” valve on the high-pressurewater pump. This will reduce the water pressure and volume enough toprevent any damage to the spray arms 50 that could occur. Alternately,the system can be operated to temporarily reduce the spray impact bybriefly reducing the speed of the pump motor. If there is not anothervehicle 60 approaching, the tunnel controller may cause release of the“extend and activate” output. This may cause the trolleys 26 and 28 andassociated spray arms 50 to retract to their outboard limits, and uponreaching those limits, the spray arms can be rotated to the 90-degreeposition and point inboard.

As described in this example, the sensor system 70 may include varioussensor inputs, which may be sourcing and photo-eyes to be lightoperated, but other suitable sensors may be used. Although the examplehas described the use of first, second and third bridge photo-eyes, 72,74 and 78, other suitable sensor arrangements are contemplated, such aseliminating the first photo-eye 72 and initiating operation of thesystem 10 in another suitable manner. In the example, photo-eyes 72 and74 are positioned at the bridge entrance side, while photo-eye 78 ispositioned at the bridge exit side. Proximity sensors may be used at thebridge entrance limit position, the home limit position, and the bridgeexit limit position. Further, a proximity sensor may be used to detectthe movement of the bridge 12 at the entrance side of the home position,or such position can be supplied by suitable programming of controller80 based on known bridge speed, and bridge travel distances. Inaddition, there may be provided in association with the spray arms 50,arm retract and extend limit sensors, such as proximity sensors, tofacilitate positioning of the arms 50 at the outboard and inboardlimits. For safety of operation, the spray arms 50 may also have impactsensors, such as proximity sensors, to stop operation of the system ifthe vehicle becomes too close to or impacts the arms 50. The machinecontroller 80 may be supplied with signals from such sensors and/or thetunnel controller used in operation of other systems and the conveyormoving the vehicle through system 10 if desired, and the tunnelcontroller may also be used in operating various systems on machine 10,such as the oscillation of nozzles 52, the “Extend and Activate”movements of the bridge 12 and trolleys 26 and 28/spray arms 50, whereinactivation of bridge 12 motion, turning on early and off late functionsof the spray arms, bridge and pumping systems and the like can becontrolled, or other aspects and functions if desired. Using the tunnelcontroller for operation of various functions can facilitate preventingproblems with walk and drive-through issues for example. Further, othersensors may be used to monitor functions such as whether the conveyor isrunning, or such information may be supplied by the tunnel controller tomachine control system 80 for example. Using the tunnel controller foroperation of the spray arm “Extend and Activate” movements can allowdisabling of these functions to wash only the sides of the vehicle ifdesired. Conveyor speed may be monitored by a pulse switch, or by thefirst two photo-eyes 72 and 74 as described, or other photo-eyes forexample. Although vehicle length can be determined from the photo-eyesor other sensors, such as a pulse switch, could be used. The vehicleheight sensor(s) may be used in conjunction with the tunnel controlleror machine controller 80 as may be desired. There may also be provided amanual operation interface for performing maintenance for example, whichmay utilize an enable key or password to operate for safety, to allowfunctions such as Bridge Forward (momentary stop at Home), BridgeReverse (momentary stop at Home), Extend Driver and Passenger Arms,Retract Driver and Passenger Arms, Rotate Arms to 0 to 180 degrees, aReset Button (such as for after Impact, VFD or other fault), or otherfunctions. If desired, there may also be provided arm 50 rotationverification sensors, a sensor mounting T-bar impact sensor (althoughloss of eye signals can be used), and additional “backup” set ofphoto-eyes, or the like. Also, the controller 80 can perform otherfunctions if desired, such as: Auto-reset, Cycle/Car Counter,Maintenance Prompts/Maintenance Log, Self-Diagnostics via redundantsensors, verifying sensors changed state, timed motions (timers stoppedwhen conveyor stops) and/or startup test, Remote Access or the like. Ifdesired, the system controller 80 and associated sensors may also servesense spare tires, wheel chair ramps, snow plow lift & lights, rearhitch mounted racks, or other equipment that may be mounted on vehicles,and programmed to accommodate power outages, customer drivethrough/drive away at any point in the wash or reset process, employeewalk through, conveyor stop and restart, varying conveyor speed,impending or actual impacts and resets with vehicle at any point in thewash cycle, conveyor belt style and other variables. Alternatively tothe use of sensor systems, the controller 80 may receive a signalindicating entrance of a vehicle into the wash system 10, and thensimply use the known speed of the conveyor and vehicle through the washsystem 10 or position of a stationary vehicle in the wash system 10 tomove the bridge. Trolleys, spray bars or other components in the desiredmanner.

As described with reference to this example, the movement of the sprayarms 50 to wash the front and rear of the vehicle as it moves throughthe system 10 may utilize a plurality of photo-eyes andacceleration/deceleration of the bridge to provide such functioning,though other suitable approaches are contemplated. In association withsuch acceleration/deceleration functions, the deceleration ramps mayutilize the speed of the bridge 12 and trolleys 26 and 28, which arevaried according to the conveyor speed and vehicle length. In order tohave the bridge 12 and trolleys 26 and 28 stop at the same point eachtime (end limits), the Deceleration Ramp times may be based on theactual speed of bridge 12 and/or trolleys 26 and 28. For example, if thebridge 12 speed is 1 ft/sec and the deceleration ramp time is 1 second,then the bridge 12 will stop 6″ past the point that the photo-eye switchis tripped. If however, the bridge speed is 0.5 ft/sec then thedeceleration ramp time needs to be 2 sec in order to park the bridge 12at the same point 6″ past the limit switch. The following formulas maybe used accordingly: Distance=Velocity×0.5×Time (Distance may be a fixedquantity, such as 0.5 ft) and Time=(Dist×2)/Velocity

The speeds of the bridge 12, trolleys 26 and 28 and spray nozzleoscillation speeds may also be set to provide desired washingcharacteristics. In an example, the nozzles 52 may be positioned 4″behind the centerline of the spray bar pivot point. The nozzles 52 gainor lose distance as they rotate from washing the front, to the sides, tothe rear of vehicle. The nozzles 52 may be set to track 18″ from thevehicle, with the photo-eyes 74 and 78 spaced 28″ apart (14″ plus 4″offset times 2). The trolley travel distance is approx 4 ft. each inthis example. The formulas for the speeds of these components may thenbe based on Vehicle Length+2.33 ft because the centerline of bridge 12is 14″ in front of the of the vehicle and 14″ behind the rear of vehiclewhen bridge 12 is at either end of it's travel. The speeds are averageand not instantaneous, and do not consider ramp times, though it shouldbe understood that instantaneous speeds and/or ramp times may be used incalculating the operation of the systems. General or basic formulaswhich may be used to set the speeds are as follows:

(1) Time Available to Wash Front or Rear=/2 Bridge Travel/Conveyor Speed

(2) Time Available to Wash Side of Car=(Car Length+2.33 ft−BridgeTravel)/Conveyor. Speed (the time available for bridge 12 to travel fromfront to rear limits)(3) Relative Wash Speed, Front or Rear=4 ft/Time Available to Wash Frontor Rear (the speed that the spray arch moves across the vehicle surface,assuming trolleys 26 and 28 have 4 ft. of travel)(4) Relative Wash Speed, Side=(Car Length+2.33 ft)/Time Available toWash Side of Car “Or” Relative Wash Speed, Side=Conveyor Speed+BridgeReverse Speed (the speed that spray arch moves across vehicle surface)(5) Minimum Nozzle RPM=Relative Wash Speed (ft/sec)×180 (relating toRPMat which Zebra striping does not occur using a 4″ wide spray)(6) Surface Velocity (Surface Feet/second)=Relative Speed×10.35 (thespeed that water spray travels across vehicle surface. Based on Min RPM& 41.4″ travel/rev)(7) Bridge Reverse Speed=(Conveyor Speed×Bridge Travel)/(Car Length+2.33ft−Bridge Travel)

The system 10 may also have other features as may be desired for variousapplications, such as programming more than the top nozzle 52 (or othernozzles) to be on or off depending on the vehicle height (or othercharacteristics), to conserve water and reduce spray mist. The system 10may also be configured to not use photo-eye sensors as described,utilizing the tunnel controller and known velocity, length and positionof the vehicle 60. Although the use of photo-eyes 72, 74 and 78 canincrease accuracy and safety of the machine, this alternative approachor other suitable approaches are contemplated.

In an alternate embodiment, the basic system design can be modified tohave longer bridge rails 14 and 16 and used in an “In-bay” type washsystem, where the vehicle 60 is stationary while it is washed. In suchan alternative embodiment, the system will not need to provide formovement of the spray arms 50 to correspond to movement of the vehicle60 as described above. Further, such a system may also include treadle,low water, temperature, door, security and wash package inputs to thecontrol system 80, and may have pumps, shift valves, conserve valve,soap, wax, R.O., signs, dryer, ACW enable, heat, weep, door control, andother functions that may not be needed in the conveyor type systemdescribed above. In operation of such a system, a vehicle is parked in awash bay that has a rigid frame with a pair of elevated, spaced bridgerails. The system may also employ additional devices to ensure that thevehicle is generally located at a predetermined position between thebridge rails and is at a predetermined depth within the bay. Forexample, some type of alignment pad having ridges accompanied by avisible indicator or sensors may be used for this purpose. As previouslymentioned, the wash apparatus may also employ a control system withstored programming that operatively controls the functions of therollover vehicle wash system. Furthermore, the control of the operativefunctions of the vehicle wash system include controlling the movement ofthe bridge assembly 12, trolley assemblies 26 and 28 and the spray arms50, and also the delivery of the pressurized wash fluids to the spraynozzles 52. Once the vehicle is in place, its specific lateral andlongitudinal location within the wash bay may be determined by a sensorsystem, such as similar to that previously described. This informationis used by the controller to move the bridge 12, trolleys assemblies 26and 28 and associated spray arms 50 at a predetermined distance from thefront, sides and rear of the vehicle for cleaning thereof.

It should also be appreciated that the movements of the bridge assembly12, the trolley assemblies 26, 28, and the spray arms 50 in the aboveexamples, may be repeated quickly and efficiently for a number of cyclesdepending upon the desired effects. For example, a first such pass mayeither provide a pre-wash solution or begin with the main washingsolution. Then, a second pass could provide a rinse and a third pass awax solution application. It should be further recognized that anefficient change over of chemicals can be performed with the presentinvention.

Turning to FIGS. 16-18, an example of a top spray arm configuration isshown. The top spray arm 200 as shown may be configured to have aplurality of oscillating spray nozzles 202 therewith, similar to theexamples previously described. Alternatively to the use of oscillatingspray nozzles, the nozzles could be made to move linearly along a slideor the like, or may just be fixed, and may be provided with a widerspray pattern or adjustable spray pattern if desired. In this example,the top spray arm 200 is stationary, but designed to effectively cleanthe top surfaces of a vehicle, for vehicles of different heights. Such aspray bar configuration could also be used to clean side or othersurfaces of the vehicle if desired. Although it may be possible toadjust the position of the spray bar and provide effective cleaning fordifferent vehicle surfaces, such an approach requires a more complicatedand costly system. Regarding spray nozzles, the impact or force of waterimpacting on a surface drops significantly (exponentially for all butthe solid stream type) as the distance from the surface (vehicle)increases. This applies to all types of nozzles including fan, cone andsolid stream nozzles. Controlling the impact (not too little or toomuch) is important for proper and safe cleaning of all types of vehiclesand surfaces. The use of movable spray bars to keep the spray at a fixedor generally consistent distance from the vehicle can cause problemsincluding higher cost, higher maintenance, increased complexity, andpossibility of impacting the vehicle with the moving equipment. Also,any time that spray nozzles are placed in the path of the vehicle,customer driving errors and addition of equipment such as bike racks cancreate unintended impacts. The spray bar 200 can be used to eliminatethe need to move the spray nozzles toward or around vehicles or they canbe used to enhance the impact and spray angle of those that do.

In the example spray bar 200, the operation is altered to account fordifferent height vehicles instead (or with respect to other vehiclesurfaces, by providing variable impact and spray geometryconfigurations. In a first aspect, the spray bar 200 can vary the impact(force) of the spray directly proportional to the distance the nozzle(s)202 are from the surface of the vehicle. Sensors may be used todetermine the distance a spray nozzle 202 is from the vehicle surfaceand then the force of the spray can be adjusted using any of severalapproaches. Examples include varying the pump speed (which varies thevolume), varying the pressure with a pressure regulator or othervalving, or by varying the nozzle geometry or orifice size for example.It is noted that both the measurements and corresponding forceadjustments can be made in steps or be infinitely variable. This can beapplied to devices with nozzles that are fixed or movable (oscillating,spinning, etc). Movable spray nozzles could be made to oscillate or movelinearly along a slide or the like, or may just be fixed, and may beprovided with a wider spray pattern or adjustable spray pattern ifdesired. In an example, the method of sensing the distance to thevehicle may depend on the particular application. Generally, the methodmay use an ultrasonic sensor positioned substantially perpendicular tothe surface or a plurality of thru-beam photo-eye pairs substantiallyparallel to the surface. The step of adjusting the power of the spraymay use a variable speed control on the pump motor, or other suitableapproaches can be used. In a second aspect of an example of the spraysystem 200, the system 200 uses nozzles 202 that oscillate, rotate orotherwise move through a given arc. In this case, the arc or angle ofoscillation of the spray nozzle 202 can be varied inversely proportionalto the distance the nozzle 202 is away from the vehicle. For example,for a spray nozzle 202 that is located 18″ away from the surface of avehicle and which rotates through an arc of 30 degrees either side ofperpendicular, the spray of the nozzle 202 will cover a path 20.7″ wideon the surface. If the distance from the nozzle to the surface isdoubled, then the path that the spray covers is doubled, and the speedat which the spray traverses the surface is also doubled. The speed atwhich the spray traverses the surface is commonly referred to as SurfaceFeet per Minute. Controlling the distance that the spray travels acrossthe surface of the vehicle, as well as the speed at which the spraytravels across it can be used in the system 200 to provide effectivecleaning. If there is a plurality of nozzles 202 spraying the vehicle,this feature controls the size of the spray coverage to achieve thedesired amount of coverage overlap from nozzle to nozzle.

In an example of operation of spray system 200, the methods of drivingthe oscillating nozzles 202 and varying the arc or travel angle that thespray nozzles cover may include providing an electric or hydraulic motor204 with a crank-arm 206 and a connecting rod 208 for driving a pivotinglinkage arm 210. Adjusting the angle of nozzle 202 travel may use of anadjustable stroke mechanism. These mechanisms, such as Polar Cranks,Z-cranks or other mechanical mechanisms are commonly used in adjustablestroke metering pumps for example. Alternatively, the servo or steppermotor 204 can be programmed to oscillate though various degrees of arc.A further alternative could use a linear motor (which can be programmedto travel various distances) coupled to a pivoting arm. In eachapproach, the degree of nozzle travel is selectively adjusted to providethe desired spray characteristics depending on the distance of thesurface to be cleaned relative to the nozzle 202. In the example shown,the high pressure cleaning solutions or water can be supplied to each ofthe nozzles 202 through a water feed manifold 212 forming a part of thesupport structure of the spray arm 200. Other supply arrangements arecontemplated.

In the example, a system 200 using both variable geometry (travel) andvariable volume/pressure provide the ability to effectively control theamount of impact on vehicle surface. The system 200 keeps the impactcharacteristics the same despite changes in distance, without having tomove the spray mechanism closer to the vehicle. The system 200 caneffectively control the speed (SFM) of the spray traveling across thevehicle surface and may control the distance the spray travels acrossthe surface (spray coverage). In the system 200, the distancemeasurements and corresponding stroke angle adjustments can again bemade in steps or be infinitely variable. The spray heads 202 in system200 could have a linear movement, orbital movement, circular movement,or other movements if desired. In the example shown, the nozzles 202have linear movement. The spray system 200 can use spray heads withnozzles 202 that are fixed or movable (oscillating, spinning in otherplanes, etc). In an example according to the FIGS., the distance fromthe spray bar system 200 to the vehicle 220 may be used to adjust theangle of spray as well as the pressure. Additionally or optionally, thelength or position of the surface 222 being washed may be also be sensedand used to vary the angle of spray and/or the spray patterns. Forexample, the spray pattern could be adjusted if the vehicle is detectedto be offset relative to the spray system or wider or narrower. Thiswould move or offset the spray pattern to better target the surface,prevent excessive overspray, and/or conserve water.

In the case of the spray bar used as a top washer, an ultrasound orother suitable sensor (not shown), may be placed on either side of thevehicle 220 to measure it's width and relative position. From thisinformation, the angle of the spray and/or the spray pressure may be setfor desired cleaning. In the example shown, the servo motor 204 may beprogrammed to produce variable oscillating motion between 20 to 60degrees or other desired angles. As shown, various vehicle 220 heightsare shown, positioning the top surfaces of vehicle 220 at differentspacings 230, 232, 234 and 236 for example, relative to the system 200.The variable spray angles produced provide effective cleaning of each ofthese surfaces, with the spray angle adjusted to provide overlap betweenspray patterns from each nozzle 202. As seen in this example, thesurface 230 may be cleaned by a spray angle pattern of 60 degrees,causing overlap between the spray patterns from each nozzle 202 at thisheight, while surface 236 may be cleaned by a spray angle pattern of 20degrees, causing overlap between the spray patterns from each nozzle 202at this height. For the surface 232 and 234, variable angles between theangles used for surface 230 and 236 may be used to provide the desiredspray patterns. As seen in FIG. 17, the vehicle heights that may beencountered could relate to different vehicle types, such as a van roofat 230, a minivan roof at 232, a pickup truck hood at 234 and a car hoodat 236. It should be recognized that the ability to selectively vary thespray angles from nozzles 202 and/or spray pressure allows for effectivecleaning of each of these surfaces as well as the different heightsurfaces on a vehicle, such as the hood/trunk and roof. For any vehiclesurface, the spray pattern may be adjusted to allow for a desired amountof spray coverage per nozzle 202, such as approximately 24 inchescoverage per nozzle 202, regardless of the spacing of system 200relative to the vehicle surface. In this example, if the angle of spraywas not adjusted between 60 degrees and 20 degrees for the differentsurfaces 230, 232, 234 and 236, the nozzle 202 coverage would beapproximately 3.25 times greater and therefore the travel speed (SFM) ofthe spray would also be about 3.25 times faster, yielding undesirablewashing characteristics. As also described, the pressure of the sprayfrom each nozzle 202 may be variable to allow the desired pressure sprayfor a surface dependent on the spacing of the surface from the nozzle202. In this manner, effective cleaning of surfaces regardless of thespacing from the spray bar 200 or nozzles 202 can be achieved.

As seen in FIGS. 18 a and 18 b, the spray nozzles 202 may also beconfigured to provide a desired spray pattern, with a 5 to 25 degreeflat fan spray oriented in the direction of vehicle movement as anexample. In FIG. 18 a, the side view of a spray nozzle 202 is shown fora 5 degree nozzle, while FIG. 18 b shows a front view of the spraypattern from such a nozzle. Other nozzle configurations are contemplatedwithin the invention.

Alternatively, the spray system 200 could be used to wash the front,rear or sides of vehicles. For such uses, an ultrasound or othersuitable sensor (not shown) may be placed adjacent the surface to bewashed relative to vehicle 220 to measure the relative position, and setspray parameters accordingly.

Turning to FIGS. 19 and 20, a further example of a spray system 300 isshown. The spray system 300 may be usable in association with thetrolleys in the system described in any examples shown herein, or may beuseable in other systems as may be desired. Due to the small profile ofthe system 300, it may be used on spray arms which are operate betweenthe front and rear of vehicles on a conveyor as describe in the systemof FIGS. 1-3. The system 300 may be used on an in-bay wash system, aconveyorized wash or any other type of machine. The system 300 couldalso include brushes, such as rotating brushes, that could be made tocontact the surfaces of a vehicle to facilitate washing thereof. Thesystem 300 with spray nozzles may replace swivel nozzles, which are ahigh maintenance item, especially when reclaim water is used in the washsystem. The spray system 300 may include a support shaft 302 that couldbe connected to the trolley assembly as previously described, to allowrotation of system 300 toward the front, sides and rear of a vehicle, orthe spray system 300 may be mounted in a stationary position along awash tunnel for example. In the example shown, the support shaft 302 mayalso allow forward and back movement of the frame 304 to adjust theposition of frame 304 relative to a vehicle surface for example. Forsafety of operation, the support shaft 302 and/or frame 304 may havesafety breakaway pivot points or joints 303, allowing the system 300 to“breakaway” if contacted by a vehicle or the like. The frame 304supports a plurality of spray nozzles 310 a spaced positions toaccommodate cleaning of vehicles surfaces at different heights. Aspreviously described, if the vehicle is such that no vehicle surface isadjacent the top (or bottom) nozzle 310, the operation of any nozzle 310may be suspended to conserve cleaning solutions, water and/or power forexample. The frame structure 304 may include first and second sides 306and 308, with one or both sides 306 and 308 forming a spray manifoldthrough which high pressure cleaning fluids are supplied to the nozzles310. In this example, frame member 308 if formed as a fluid supplymanifold, and each of the nozzles 310 is coupled thereto via a supplyfixture 312 and small length of flexible hose 314. The spray nozzles 310may be of any desired configuration, such as spray heads with nozzles310 that are fixed or movable (oscillating, spinning in other planes,etc). In this example, the nozzles 310 are linearly oscillating by adrive system including a gear motor 316 driving a connecting rod 320 fordriving a pivoting linkage arm 322. The linkage arm 322 is alsoconnected to a pivot support 324 on which the spray head/nozzle 310 isconnected, such that movement of the crank arm 318 and linkage arm 322causes oscillating motion of the pivot support 324 and associated sprayhead/nozzle 310. A second linkage arm 326 is connected to the pivot arm322 or first spray nozzle 310, and movement thereof is translated to thesecond linkage arm 326 and second pivot support 324 and nozzle 310. Athird linkage arm 328 is connected to the second pivot arm 322 (orsecond spray nozzle 310), and movement thereof is translated to thethird linkage arm 328 and third pivot support 324 and nozzle 310. Afourth linkage arm 330 is connected to the third pivot arm 322 or thirdspray nozzle 310, and movement thereof is translated to the fourthlinkage arm 330 and fourth pivot support 324 and nozzle 310. Additionalor less linkage arms, pivot supports and spray nozzles may be provided.In an example, for passenger vehicles, a spray arm assembly 300positioned 18 inches away from a vehicle, will provide full coverage ofthe vehicle top to bottom. The spray nozzles 310 may provide a desiredspray pattern, such as a flat fan spray pattern oriented horizontallyfor cleaning of front, side and rear vehicle surfaces, but other sprayconfigurations may be used.

As seen in FIG. 19, the supply of high pressure washing fluids may beprovided via the manifold 308 and supply hoses 314. The hoses 314 may becoupled to the manifold by an inlet fitting 315 and to the nozzle 310via an outlet fitting 317. The nozzle 310 in the example shown may be aspray head 324 configured as a ported block including an inlet port forcoupling the supply hose 314 to via the supply fixture or fitting 312and a nozzle at an outlet of the ported block. Other nozzleconfigurations may be used other than a ported block configuration asshown. For example, the nozzle could simply be a length of piping with anozzle tip or any other suitable configuration. In any configuration,the hose 314 is formed in a loop, and supported in a bended or loopedconfiguration as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. In this particular example,the spray head 324 may be made to pivot through a 60-degree angle (orother desired angle), with the hose 314 looped into about a 360 degreeloop. The system and methods employed in system 300 provide the mostcompact method of flexing a hose 314 through a significant angle.Further, the system and method provides for longest hose 314 life, asthe system is operating at the minimum bend radius of the hoses 314. Forexample, tests of lifespan in the millions of cycles have been performedwithout degradation or destruction of the hose 314 or couplings/fittingsto the manifold 308 and spray head 324. By “pulling” the hose 314 in anarc as shown in these FIGS., it flexes the hose 314 without kinkingduring oscillation and it minimizes the stress at the fittings to themanifold 308 and spray head 324. This method prevents the hose 314 fromflexing more than the hose manufacturers designed minimum bend radius atany point during the oscillating motion of the spray head 324. Further,the hose 314 is self-supporting; and does not require pulleys or guidesfor the hose 314. The minimum size (diameter) of the hose loop may bedetermined by the minimum bend radius of the hose that is used. Further,although a ported block may be used for a spray head 324 as shown inthis example of system 300, other spray head and nozzle configurationsand conventional plumbing may be used. The arrangement of the hoses 314in association with the oscillating nozzles 310 allow the hoseconfiguration to always be maintained in a non-stressed position. Thehose connections/fittings to the manifold 308 and nozzle 310 remainsubstantially unstressed during nozzle oscillation. Forming the hose 314in a radiused configuration enables it to flex at the correct spot toaccommodate oscillation without putting undue stress on the hose 314 orfittings associated therewith. The hose 314 is put under tension in it'sat rest position, and upon oscillation of the nozzles 310, pulls theradius either tighter (winding of the loop) while still in tension orlooser (unwinding of the loop) while still in tension, and with thefittings or couplings remaining unstressed by any bending moments.Providing the hose loops 314 such that at the maximum oscillation, theminimum recommended radius for the hose is not exceeded, keeps the hoses314 primarily in tension rather than having any bending stresses appliedthereto. Tension forces on the hoses 314 does not create any problem,while avoiding bending stresses that do cause problems, particularly atthe location of fittings or couplings. Further, although the arrangementis shown for a 60 degree oscillation of spray head 324 as shown in FIG.20, additional degrees of travel can be gained by looping the hose 314more or less than 360 degrees.

Additionally, although the nozzles 310 can be located on the pivotcenterline as shown in the drawings, they may also be offset if desired.In an example of a spray system 300 having a plurality of spray nozzles310, it may also be desirable to counter or balance the torque generatedfrom each oscillating nozzle 310. For example, the pivoting position ofeach nozzle 310 may be set off the centerline in an alternating fashionbetween adjacent nozzles 310 to counter the torque generated be each inan adjacent nozzle 310. This may also line up the linkage arms 322, 326,328 and 330 in an offsetting, off centerline fashion. Alternatively, orin addition, the countering of the torque generated by each nozzle 310can be provided by running the hose loops 314 in alternating directions,such as one counter clockwise, the next one clockwise, the next onecounter clockwise and so forth. Due to the velocity of the cleaningfluids going through the hose loops 314, and oscillating motion of thenozzles, there is a tendency for the hose loops 314 to want to unwind,and alternating the direction of the loops between adjacent loops 314counteracts the forces produced at each nozzle 310, to even out thetorque along the entire system. This may allow a smaller motor 316 to beused for example.

Thus, the examples of the present invention overcome the limitations ofthe conventional vehicle wash systems by providing a vehicle washsystem, spray systems and combinations which efficiently and effectivelyaccommodate different vehicles and environments. The wash systemsutilize two independently movable spray arm assemblies to circumscribethe vehicle quickly and efficiently with an effective but minimal use ofwater and chemicals, and allow more effective washing in a conveyorizedsystem by following the movement of the vehicle while washing surfacesthereof. Another advantage of the present invention is that the spraysystems allow variable washing characteristics to be achieved andimproved configuration and operation of spray nozzles to minimizemaintenance and degradation of the spray systems. The invention providesefficient operative control of the movement of the spray arm systems bythe use of sensor systems to accurately determine the position ofvehicle surfaces and placement and operation of the spray systemsrelative to the surfaces of the vehicle. As mentioned previously, thespray arm according to an example of the invention may be configured to“breakaway” if contacted by the vehicle or another obstacle. An examplespray arm safety breakaway system 400 is shown in FIGS. 21-24. Thefunction of the spray arm safety breakaway system 400 is to protect boththe spray arm and the vehicle from damage should a collision between thetwo occur. The breakaway system 400 is formed of upper and lowerbreakaway assemblies 402 and 404, each of which may be a torque limiterarrangement, and which are fastened together with their planes of motionoriented 90 degrees to each other. The assembly 402 may have aleft/right main pivot shaft 403, while the assembly 404 has a front/rearmain pivot shaft 405. The assemblies 402 and 404 thus allow movement ofthe spray arm in both fore and aft directions as well as side to sidedirections. This allows breakaway in four opposing directions that wouldaccommodate any force applied to the spray arm. Generally, breakawaysystems used in the car wash industry use either shear pins or ball &detent type of mechanisms. The ball and detent type systems have theadvantage of being easily resettable but do not easily handle largertorque loads. Due to the propulsive force of the water leaving the spraybar, the torque load induced at the breakaway can easily exceed 200ft-lbs. This translates into many thousands of pounds of pressure on theball and it's mating surface in a typical ball and detent configuration.At these high loads, when the breakaway is activated, the forces on theball & the mating surface (ball & detent mechanism) can exceed thestrength of the material and cause the ball to extrude the metal on themating surface and literally form a grove in the material. Repeatedcycling causes a very high rate of wear & progressive reduction inbreakaway force. Attempts to alleviate this problem, such as by extremesurface hardening of the metals to prevent this, will cause the metal tobecome excessively brittle and prone to cracking and failure. Also, in acar wash environment, stainless steel is preferred over high carbonsteel materials, and stainless steel does not surface harden as well ashigh carbon steel.

In the breakaway design as shown in the example of the presentinvention, the upper system 402 is attached to a main support shaft 406which may be fixed to the trolley as previously described, and providedfor breakaway in the side to side or lateral directions. The lowerassembly 404 is mounted below upper assembly 402, and allows forbreakaway in the fore to aft directions. Distinct from shear pin type ofdesigns, the breakaway mechanism 402 and 404 also automatically reset assoon as outside forces are removed, as the spray bar is allowed to hangfreely from the trolley assembly and returns each assembly 402 and 404to an unactuated position upon any force being relieved. In eachassembly 402 and 404, an elastomer spring 408 provides a preload forcewhich can be adjusted by an adjustment bolt 410. Other suitable preloadmechanisms may be used as desired. The assemblies 402 and 404 use arolling pin 412 and 414 instead of a ball, with pin 412 mated andengaged in a groove, such as a V-groove 416 (as seen in FIG. 21) and pin414 mated and engaged in a groove, such as a V-groove 418 (as seen inFIGS. 23 and 24). In each assembly 402 and 404, the pin 412 or 414 has aline of contact with its mating surface rather than a single point ofcontact. This much larger contact area spreads the forces out andeliminates the possible galling and grooving of the metal that occurswith the known ball and detent type of mechanisms. In each assembly 402and 404, the mechanism also incorporates a lever arm 420 mounted on apivot pin 422 to support the rolling pin 412 and 414.

In the lower assembly 404, the groove 418 may be formed as anasymmetrical V-groove mating surface for the pin 414, to provide moreresistance to the backward movement of the spray arm to resist thestrong forces imposed during spraying. It should be recognized that theuse of different angles on the groove 416 results in different breakawayforces depending on which direction the breakaway is rotated. Further,the orientation of the lever arm pivot point, toward the steep angleside or toward the shallow angle side of the mechanism, also changes thebreakaway forces. In the example shown, the asymmetrical V-groove 418uses a 30 degree angle (from vertical) on one side and a 45 degree angleon the other side, but other angles may be used. To simplifymanufacture, the upper mechanism 402 may also use an asymmetrical groove416, but the groove is oriented differently. When the pivot pin 412 or414 is located toward the shallow angle side of the groove 416 or 418,the mechanism provides virtually identical breakaway forces in bothdirections, which may be desirable for the upper mechanism 402 toprovide left/right breakaway of the spray bar. When the pivot pin islocated toward the steep angle side of the mechanism, the result is abreakaway force that is strong in one direction and weak in the oppositedirection, which may be desirable for the lower mechanism 404 to providedistinct forces for the front and back movement of the spray bar. Thisarrangement can be used to keep all breakaway forces low except in theone direction required to oppose the force of the water jets of thespray nozzles.

In the example shown, the reason the orientation of the lever armaffects the breakaway force is described as follows. As rotation beginsdue to a force being applied to the spray arm to cause actuation of thebreakaway, the rolling pin 412 or 414 moves up out of the groove 416 or418, as it does, the lever arm 420 rotates about pivot pin 422. Therotation of the lever arm 420 effectively changes the contact angle andtherefore the leverage or resistance to torque that is applied by theforce of the spring 408.

Turning to FIGS. 25-27, there are shown various examples of brushassemblies that may be usable in the wash system, either alone or inconjunction with other aspects of the invention such as the spray barsdescribed above. In FIG. 25, the example shows a brush type assembly 450may be used in association with the at least one cleaning arm providedwith the wash system. The brush assembly 450 may be a cloth or foambrush for example, and could be made to rotate or otherwise providewashing action on the surfaces of the vehicle 452 to be washed. Thebrush assembly 450 in this example is provided to move on linear rails454 associated with the bridge assembly 12, or in association with thecleaning arm associated with each trolley assembly as previouslydescribed. The brush assembly 450 is moved from the home position shownin FIG. 25 in a manner similar to the spray arms as previouslydescribed, to clean the front, sides and rear of vehicle 452, as thebridge 12 moves relative to the vehicle 452. The operation of the brushassemblies 450 may be controlled by a tunnel controller according to theknown position and movement of the vehicle 452 on the conveyor, or couldbe operated based on sensor signals as described in prior examples. Inthe example of FIG. 26, the at least one brush assembly 450 is mountedon an overhead pivoting support arm 456. As the vehicle 452 movesthrough the wash system or is positioned in the system, the brushassemblies 450 may be moved between the front, sides and rear of thevehicle 452. The pivoting support arms 456 allow the movement of thevehicle 452 to deflect the brushes as it moves through the wash system,or as the bridge assembly 12 moves around the vehicle. In FIG. 27, thisexample also shows brush assemblies mounted in association with pivotingsupport arms 458, the position the brush assembly 450 inboard oroutboard of the bridge 12 as seen in the Figure. In these or otherexamples, the brush assemblies may be brought into selective contactwith the vehicle 452 to facilitate washing the surfaces thereof. Similarto the prior examples of spray arms, the brush system could also includean upper brush assembly to wash the top surfaces of the vehicle 452 ifdesired. Additional spray arms, rinse systems and the like may also beprovided to facilitate washing in association with the at least onebrush assembly.

Turning to FIG. 28, there is shown a drying system for use inassociation with a washing system for example, wherein the drying systemis generally designated 500. In this example, the drying system 500 maybe positioned for movement in conjunction with the washing system aspreviously described in examples, and may be mounted in a stationaryposition with respect to the washing system. Alternatively, the dryingsystem 500 could be separate from any washing system, such as at the endof a tunnel conveyor associated with a wash system, or other suitablelocation. The drying system 500 is designed to effectively dry ordissipate water from a vehicle 502. The system 500 operates in a mannerto effectively dry vehicles 502 of different heights and/or widths.Though an example is shown in the FIG. 28 which includes a plurality ofdrying units 504, one or more units may be used as desired. The type ofdrying unit can also vary significantly as may be desired, and units 504as shown are only examples. Such a dryer system 500 configuration couldalso be positioned more directly adjacent the side or other surfaces ofthe vehicle if desired. Although it may be possible to adjust theposition of the drying units 504 and provide effective drying fordifferent vehicle surfaces, such an approach requires a more complicatedand costly system. Regarding the air dispensed under pressure by theunits 504, the impact or force of the drying air impacting on a surfaceof vehicle 502 drops significantly (generally exponentially) as thedistance from the surface (vehicle 502) increases. This applies to alltypes of nozzles including fan, cone and other configurations ingeneral. Controlling the force at the surface (not too little or toomuch) is desired for proper and safe drying of all types of vehicles andsurfaces, similar to the operation of the spray system as described inthe example of FIGS. 16-18. The use of movable dryers to keep them at afixed or generally consistent distance from the vehicle can causeproblems including higher cost, higher maintenance, increasedcomplexity, and possibility of impacting the vehicle with the movingequipment. Also, any time that drying units 504 are placed in the pathof the vehicle, customer driving errors and addition of equipment suchas bike racks can create unintended impacts. The drying system 500 canbe used to eliminate the need to move the drying units 504 nozzlestoward or around vehicles or they can be used to enhance the impact andangle of drying air for more effective drying.

In the example, the operation of system 500 is altered to account fordifferent height vehicles 502 instead (or with respect to other vehiclesurfaces, by providing variable impact and air pattern geometryconfigurations. In a first aspect, the system 500 can vary the force ofthe air directly proportional to the distance the dryer nozzle(s) 506are from the surface of the vehicle. Sensors may be used to determinethe distance a nozzles 506 are from the vehicle surface and then theforce of the drying air can be adjusted using any of several approaches.Examples include varying the pump speed (which varies the volume),varying the pressure with a pressure regulator or other valving, or byvarying the nozzle geometry or orifice size for example. It is notedthat both the measurements and corresponding force adjustments can bemade in steps or be infinitely variable. This can be applied to deviceswith nozzles that are fixed or movable (oscillating, etc). Movablenozzles could be made to oscillate or move linearly along a slide or thelike if desired, or may just be fixed, and may be provided with anadjustable air dispensing pattern if desired. In an example, the methodof sensing the distance to the vehicle may depend on the particularapplication. Generally, the method may use an ultrasonic sensorpositioned substantially perpendicular to the surface or a plurality ofthru-beam photo-eye pairs substantially parallel to the surface. Thestep of adjusting the power of the dispensed drying air may use avariable speed control on the motor associated with units 504, or othersuitable approaches can be used. In a second aspect of an example, thesystem 500 could use nozzles 506 that are made to oscillate, orotherwise move through a given path. In this case, the movement of thenozzles 506 can be varied inversely proportional to the distance thenozzle 506 is away from the vehicle. If the distance from the nozzle 506increases, then the path that the nozzle may be made to move would alsoincrease, and the speed at which the nozzle traverses the surface isalso increased, such that the entire surface to be dried is covered. Thesystem may thus be operated to control the distance that the drying airtravels across the surface of the vehicle, as well as the speed at whichthe drying air travels across it, to provide effective drying. If thereis a plurality of nozzles 506 drying the vehicle, this feature cancontrol the size or area of coverage of each nozzle 506 to achieve thedesired coverage overlap from nozzle to nozzle.

In the example, a system 500 could thus use one or both of variablegeometry (travel) and variable volume/pressure provide the ability toeffectively control the drying characteristics of the system 500relative to a particular vehicle 502. The system 500 keeps the forcecharacteristics the same despite changes in distance, without having tomove the system 500 closer to or away from the vehicle 502. In anexample, the distance from the system 500 to the vehicle 502 may be usedto adjust the angle and/or pressure of the dispensed drying air from oneor more units 504. Additionally or optionally, the length or position ofthe surface being dried may be also be sensed and used to vary the angleof dispensed air and/or the patterns. For example, the pattern ofdispensed air could be adjusted if the vehicle is detected to be offsetrelative to the system 500, or if it is wider or narrower. As with thewashing spray systems described previously, different height vehicles502 may be effectively dried by system 500. The variable pressure and/ordispensing air angles produced provide effective drying of surfacesdepending on the position of the surface relative to the nozzles 506.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in theforegoing drawings and description, the same is to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood thatonly illustrative examples thereof have been shown and described, andthat all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of theinvention described by the following claims are desired to be protected.Additional features of the invention will become apparent to thoseskilled in the art upon consideration of the description. Modificationsmay be made without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

1. A vehicle washing apparatus comprising, a conveyor system to move a vehicle along a path, a bridge assembly supported above a vehicle and moveable rectilinearly along the length thereof; at least one trolley assembly operatively supported by said bridge assembly and moveable in a direction generally transverse to the rectilinear movement of said bridge assembly; at least one cleaning arm assembly for delivering fluid to or brushing the surface of a vehicle, said at least one cleaning arm assembly operatively supported by said at least one trolley assembly, said at least one cleaning arm assembly including a substantially vertical portion with at least one spray nozzle or brush provided thereon, and the at least one cleaning arm assembly operatively supported for at least rotational movement relative to said at least one trolley assembly about an axis, the at least one cleaning arm assembly moveable rectilinearly with said bridge assembly along the length of the vehicle, and transversely with said at least one trolley assembly to adjust the location of said cleaning arm relative to the vehicle, and rotationally about the axis to allow said at least one cleaning arm assembly to circumscribe at least a portion of the vehicle, wherein the bridge assembly moves in association with movement of the vehicle to position the at least one cleaning arm assembly adjacent at least a portion of the front, sides and rear of the vehicle as it moves along said path.
 2. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein the at least one cleaning arm is a spray arm that includes a plurality of spray nozzles, wherein each of said plurality of nozzles on said at least one spray arm assembly are movable in a motion selected from the group consisting of oscillatory motion, linear motion, spinning motion or combinations thereof.
 3. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said at least one cleaning arm assembly is pivotable relative to said trolley assembly, and movable toward and away from the vehicle.
 4. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said apparatus further includes a pair of trolley rails extending across said bridge assembly generally traverse to the direction of rectilinear movement thereof, and a pair of opposed trolley assemblies operatively mounted to said pair of trolley rails and adapted to transversely move toward and away from one another.
 5. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein said apparatus further includes at least one trolley drive assembly adapted to operatively move said trolleys bi-directionally along said trolley rails, in association with one another or independently.
 6. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising at least one brush assembly positioned with the bridge to selectively engage at least a portion of the vehicle during movement of the bridge.
 7. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a sensor system to sense the movement of the vehicle relative to the bridge assembly and a control system to cause predetermined movement of the bridge assembly relative to the moving vehicle.
 8. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one sensor positioned in association with the bridge assembly to sense the movement of a vehicle into the wash system, and to initiate operation of a control system which controls movement of the bridge assembly and at least one trolley assembly.
 9. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one sensor in association with the bridge assembly to monitor movement of a vehicle through the wash system, and to control systems based on the speed of the vehicle as it moves through system, and/or to suspend operation of systems if the vehicle stops for any reason.
 10. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 9, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one entrance optical sensor positioned toward the entrance of the wash system, and upon the vehicle breaking the at least one entrance optical sensor beam, the bridge assembly is caused to accelerate toward the wash exit away from the oncoming vehicle, while making the beam allows the bridge to decelerate to a stop, wherein as the vehicle approaches the bridge assembly and breaks the beam of the at least one entrance optical sensor, the bridge assembly begins to accelerate toward the exit with the movement of the bridge set so it accelerates faster than the movement of the vehicle until the beam is remade and then stops accelerating, such that the vehicle repeatedly breaks the beam after which the beam is made, causing movement of the bridge assembly in a pulsing motion forward ahead of and relative to the moving vehicle toward the wash exit.
 11. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 10, wherein the controlled movement of the bridge is set to minimize the pulsing motion while moving the bridge assembly relative to the moving vehicle.
 12. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 9, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one exit optical sensor positioned toward the exit of the wash system, and upon the vehicle breaking the at least one exit optical sensor beam, the bridge assembly is caused to accelerate toward the wash exit toward the retreating vehicle, while making the beam allows the bridge to decelerate to a stop, wherein as the vehicle retreats from the bridge assembly and breaks the beam of the at least one exit optical sensor, the bridge assembly begins to accelerate toward the exit with the movement of the bridge set so it accelerates faster than the movement of the vehicle until the beam is remade and then stops accelerating, such that the vehicle repeatedly breaks the beam after which the beam is made, causing movement of the bridge assembly in a pulsing motion behind and relative to the moving vehicle.
 13. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 12, wherein the acceleration and deceleration ramp settings are set to minimize the pulsing motion while moving the bridge assembly relative to the moving vehicle.
 14. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the bridge assembly is selectively moved slightly ahead of or behind the vehicle and the trolley assemblies are moved toward or away from one another to wash the front and rear of the vehicle as it moves through the wash system.
 15. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one sensor to sense the height of a vehicle entering the wash system.
 16. A vehicle washing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a processing system to determine the movement of the vehicle relative to the bridge assembly and a control system to cause predetermined movement of the bridge assembly relative to the moving vehicle.
 17. A method of operating a vehicle washing apparatus comprising: moving a vehicle along a path, providing a washing apparatus along the path, the washing apparatus comprising a bridge assembly supported above a vehicle and moveable rectilinearly along the length thereof, a pair of opposed trolley assemblies operatively supported by said bridge assembly and moveable toward and away from one another in a direction generally transverse to the rectilinear movement of said bridge assembly, a pair of spray arm assemblies for delivering fluid to the vehicle, each one of said pair of spray arm assemblies operatively supported by a corresponding one of said opposed trolley assemblies, and moveable to circumscribe the vehicle, and moving the bridge assembly moves in association with movement of the vehicle to position the spray arm assemblies adjacent the front, sides and rear of the vehicle as it moves along said path.
 18. A method as set forth in claim 17 wherein each of said spray arm assemblies are rotatable relative to the trolley assembly to be positioned to apply fluid toward the front, sides and rear of the vehicle.
 19. A spray system comprising at least one spray bar having at least one spray nozzle thereon, wherein the spray system is selectively variable to adjust the spray characteristics of the at least one spray nozzle in a manner selected from the group consisting of varying the impact or force of cleaning fluids impacting on a surface, the spray geometry from the at least one spray nozzle or combinations thereof.
 20. A spray system as set forth in claim 19, further comprising at least one sensor to determine the distance the at least one spray nozzle is from the surface.
 21. A spray system as set forth in claim 19, wherein the force of the spray from the at least one nozzle is adjusted based on the distance the at least one spray nozzle is from the surface.
 22. A spray system as set forth in claim 21, wherein the force of the spray is adjusted by varying the spray in a manner selected from the group consisting of varying the pump speed and the volume of spray emitted from the at least one spray nozzle, varying the pressure with a pressure regulator or other valving arrangement, varying the nozzle geometry or orifice size of the at least one spray nozzle or combinations thereof.
 23. A spray system as set forth in claim 22, wherein the distance measurements and corresponding force adjustments can be made in steps or be infinitely variable.
 24. A spray system as set forth in claim 19, wherein the at least one spray nozzle is fixed or movable.
 25. A spray system as set forth in claim 19, wherein the at least one spray nozzle is moveable to provide spray over a predetermined angle, and the angle of spray from the at least one nozzle is adjusted based on the distance the at least one spray nozzle is from the surface.
 26. A spray system as set forth in claim 25, wherein the at least one spray nozzle is moveable in a manner selected from the group consisting of oscillating, spinning, linear or combinations thereof.
 27. A spray system as set forth in claim 25, wherein the angle of movement of the spray pattern from the at least one nozzle is varied inversely proportional to the distance the at least one nozzle is away from the surface.
 28. A spray system as set forth in claim 27, wherein the angle is varied between 10 to 70 degrees.
 29. A spray system as set forth in claim 25, wherein the speed at which the spray is moved across the predetermined angle is varied.
 30. A spray system comprising at least one spray bar having at least one oscillating spray nozzle thereon, wherein the spray system includes a frame on which the at least one spray nozzle is pivotably mounted and controlled to oscillate over a predetermined angle, and a fluid manifold supplying fluid to each of the plurality of nozzles, wherein each of the nozzles is coupled to the fluid manifold by a hose member through inlet and outlet fittings, and wherein the hose member has a minimum bend radius and is formed into a predetermined loop between the inlet and outlet fittings, such that upon oscillation of the at least one spray nozzle over the predetermined angle, the hose member flexes between the fittings without exceeding the minimum bend radius at any point during the oscillating motion of the at least one nozzle.
 31. A spray system as set forth in claim 30, wherein the minimum diameter of the hose loop is determined by the minimum bend radius of the hose that is used.
 32. A spray system as set forth in claim 30, wherein the at least one nozzle is a ported block to which the hose is selectively coupled to an inlet thereof and has a nozzle positioned at an outlet.
 33. A spray system as set forth in claim 30, wherein at least one nozzle is oscillated over an angle of about 20 to 60 degrees.
 34. A spray system as set forth in claim 30, wherein the predetermined loop is more than about 360 degrees.
 35. A spray system as set forth in claim 30, wherein the at least one nozzle is mounted and pivoted at a location along the centerline of the frame.
 36. A spray system as set forth in claim 30, wherein the fluid manifold is formed from the frame.
 37. A cleaning bar system for use in a vehicle washing system comprising a frame mounted on first and second breakaway systems wherein the first and second breakaway systems allow movement of the frame in side to side and front and back motions in response to a predetermined applied force, the first and second breakaway systems having a breakaway frame mounted on a main pivot shaft allowing pivotal movement of the breakaway frame relative to an axis, and having a spring member acting to apply a preload force against a lever arm pivotally mounted on a pivot pin mounted on the breakaway frame, said lever arm having a rolling pin mounted in association therewith, the rolling pin engaged in a groove in an unactuated position, wherein a force applied to the cleaning bar causes the groove to be rotated relative to the rolling pin against the preload of the spring member wherein disengagement of the groove from the rolling pin allows movement of the cleaning arm away from the applied force.
 38. The cleaning bar of claim 37, wherein the rolling pin provides a line of contact with the mating surface of the groove.
 39. The cleaning bar of claim 37, wherein the groove is formed as an asymmetrical V-groove having a steeper angled side and a shallower angled side, which provides more resistance to the movement in one direction as compared to movement in the other direction.
 40. The cleaning arm of claim 39, wherein the V-groove is formed with one side angled at about 30 degrees and the other side angled at about 45 degrees.
 41. The cleaning arm of claim 39, wherein the orientation of the lever arm pivot point, toward the steeper angled side or toward the shallower angled side changes the predetermined force.
 42. The cleaning bar of claim 41, wherein when the pivot pin is located toward the shallower angled side of the groove, the mechanism provides virtually identical breakaway forces in both directions, and wherein when the pivot pin is located toward the steeper angled side of the groove, the mechanism provides different breakaway forces with a stronger breakaway force in one direction.
 43. A vehicle washing apparatus comprising, a conveyor system to move a vehicle along a path, a bridge assembly supported above a vehicle and moveable rectilinearly along the length thereof; at least one brush assembly operatively supported by said bridge assembly and moveable relative to the bridge assembly; the at least one brush assembly moveable rectilinearly with said bridge assembly along the length of the vehicle, and transversely across at least a portion of the front and rear of a vehicle, wherein the bridge assembly moves in association with movement of the vehicle to position the at least one brush assembly adjacent at least a portion of the front, sides and rear of the vehicle as it moves along said path.
 44. A drying system comprising at least one drying unit having at least one nozzle that dispenses drying air under pressure, wherein the drying system is selectively variable to adjust the characteristics of the dispensed air from the at least one nozzle in a manner selected from the group consisting of varying the impact or force of drying air impacting on a surface, the geometry of air dispensed from the at least one nozzle or combinations thereof. 